The segment covers the reduction of tire waste in the US and the tire recycling efforts in Nigeria.

• The US reduced stockpiled tires, utilizing them in cement kilns and paper mills, and transforming them into rubber surfaces.
• Nigeria faces challenges with tire waste, which contributes to the spread of malaria, but new tire recycling businesses are emerging to tackle the issue.
• The historical development of rubber, its vulcanization, and the rise of the synthetic rubber industry during WWII are discussed.
• A Nigerian recycling company's detailed process of converting tires into bricks for construction purposes is highlighted.

The segment explores the process of recycling soap from hotels and the impact of hospitality waste.

• Hotels produce significant amounts of soap waste, which can be recycled and used in developing countries to improve hygiene.
• The recycling process involves cleaning and sanitizing used soap bars, with companies like Clean the World and Unisoap contributing to the effort.
• While the hospitality industry is moving towards refillable dispensers, there are concerns about the increased bacterial load in these dispensers.

This chapter examines the challenges and processes involved in recycling cardboard packaging.

• Cardboard is one of the most recycled materials, yet the production still requires cutting down trees.
• Historical context is provided for the use of cardboard and its recycling issues, including the development of fatbergs due to improper disposal of non-cardboard materials.
• Large-scale infrastructure projects like London's new sewer system are necessary to address these challenges, but they come with high costs.

The chapter discusses the innovative waste management system using automated vacuum-assisted collection (AVAC).

• Roosevelt Island in New York City uses an AVAC system to handle its waste, inspired by Disney World's system.
• AVAC systems are expensive and complex to maintain, but they offer a cleaner and more efficient way of waste disposal.
• The future of AVAC systems may see expansion in the US if new projects like the one in Harlem prove successful.