Tensions rise in Britain as King Charles I's policies provoke unrest.

• King Charles I's actions and religious policies raise tensions with Parliament and the population.
• The conflict between the monarchy and Parliament over power and religion sets the stage for civil war.

The Stuart dynasty and the concept of divine right are explained.

• The Stuart dynasty begins with James VI of Scotland becoming James I of England.
• The concept of divine right, where the monarch rules by God's will, gains popularity.

The English Civil War breaks out as King Charles I's rule is challenged.

• King Charles I's marriage to a Catholic and political turmoil fuel the outbreak of the English Civil War.
• Parliament and the monarchy clash, leading to a series of battles across England.

The buildup to war intensifies as religious and political disputes escalate.

• Religious and political disputes, including the Thirty Years' War, set the stage for internal conflict.
• Parliament gains power, challenging the monarchy's traditional rule.

The War of the Three Kingdoms encompasses conflicts in England, Scotland, and Ireland.

• Conflict spreads to Scotland and Ireland, complicating the civil war in England.
• The War of the Three Kingdoms sees alliances shift and battles fought across the British Isles.

Oliver Cromwell rises to power as the Commonwealth is established.

• Oliver Cromwell becomes a key military leader, contributing to Parliament's victories.
• Following the king's execution, the Commonwealth of England is declared.

Cromwell's Protectorate sees military success but domestic challenges.

• Cromwell's rule sees military success in Ireland and Scotland and a war with the Dutch.
• The Protectorate struggles with domestic governance and public discontent.

The Protectorate collapses, leading to the restoration of the monarchy.

• Following Cromwell's death, his son Richard's weak rule leads to the fall of the Protectorate.
• The monarchy is restored as Charles II returns to England and claims the throne.