The instructor introduces the problem of generating all valid combinations of well-formed parentheses given a number of pairs.

• The problem is presented with examples of well-formed parentheses.
• A well-formed combination is defined as one where each left parenthesis is matched with a corresponding right parenthesis.
• The concept of pairs is explained with 'n' representing the number of pairs, which results in 2n total parentheses.

The instructor explores what constitutes a valid combination of parentheses and sets up the problem constraints.

• Valid combinations must begin with an open parenthesis and cannot start with a closing parenthesis.
• The number of open parentheses cannot exceed the limit 'n', and a closing parenthesis can only be added if the open count is greater.
• The instructor illustrates the rules for adding open and closed parentheses.

An overview of the backtracking solution is given, detailing the decision process for adding parentheses.

• A backtracking approach is proposed to solve the problem, where the instructor explains the decision-making process at each step.
• The instructor discusses the rules for when it's valid to add an open or closed parenthesis during the backtracking process.
• Examples are used to demonstrate the backtracking steps and how to proceed based on the current state of open and closed parentheses.

The instructor codes the backtracking solution and provides a detailed explanation of the implementation.

• A nested function structure is used for the backtracking algorithm, with shared variables for the current state of the stack and result list.
• The base case and conditions for adding parentheses are coded and explained.
• The instructor demonstrates how to manage the stack and ensure valid combinations are added to the result list.
• The complete backtracking function is shown, and its correctness is validated by running the code.