How to Keep AI Under Control | Max Tegmark | TED
TED
12 min, 11 sec
The speaker reflects on the underestimated pace of AI development toward superintelligence and emphasizes the necessity of provably safe AI systems.
Summary
- The speaker regrets underestimating the rapid development and lack of regulation in AI, leading to potential superintelligence.
- Advancements in AI have surpassed expectations, with predictions for AGI now within a few years.
- AI safety is currently inadequate, focusing on preventing AI from saying bad things rather than doing them.
- The speaker proposes a vision for provably safe AI through formal verification and program synthesis.
- The call to action is to pause the race to superintelligence and focus on understanding and safely controlling AI.
Chapter 1
![The speaker revisits his past predictions on AI and acknowledges that the progress of AI has exceeded his expectations.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjMsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--5b72877e8537a1b0e03070a0275b81bf6c8aaa3d/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_26.jpg)
The speaker revisits his past predictions on AI and acknowledges that the progress of AI has exceeded his expectations.
- Five years ago, the speaker predicted the dangers of superintelligence on the TED stage.
- AI development has surpassed those predictions, with little regulation.
- The metaphor of a rising sea level represents the rapid advancement of AI capabilities.
![The speaker revisits his past predictions on AI and acknowledges that the progress of AI has exceeded his expectations.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjMsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--5b72877e8537a1b0e03070a0275b81bf6c8aaa3d/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_26.jpg)
Chapter 2
![The speaker discusses the acceleration of AI technology, nearing the threshold of AGI, and the implications of reaching superintelligence.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--f5c82530f66c1b1cbcb946d3e87a03416b85788e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_67.jpg)
The speaker discusses the acceleration of AI technology, nearing the threshold of AGI, and the implications of reaching superintelligence.
- AGI is approaching faster than anticipated, with industry leaders predicting its arrival within a few years.
- Recent developments in AI, such as ChatGPT-4, indicate sparks of AGI.
- The transition from AGI to superintelligence could be swift, posing significant risks.
![The speaker discusses the acceleration of AI technology, nearing the threshold of AGI, and the implications of reaching superintelligence.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--f5c82530f66c1b1cbcb946d3e87a03416b85788e/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_67.jpg)
Chapter 3
![The speaker provides vivid examples of AI's progress through imagery, robotics, and deepfakes.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--e46d560f232f163008dff22015e197eabda323ce/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_156.jpg)
The speaker provides vivid examples of AI's progress through imagery, robotics, and deepfakes.
- Robots have evolved from basic movement to dancing.
- AI-generated images have dramatically improved in quality.
- Deepfakes are becoming increasingly convincing, as exemplified by a Tom Cruise impersonation.
![The speaker provides vivid examples of AI's progress through imagery, robotics, and deepfakes.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--e46d560f232f163008dff22015e197eabda323ce/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_156.jpg)
Chapter 4
![The speaker examines AI's mastery of language and its internal representation of world knowledge.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--dfd0a9c5afdcd1873f82ab4adc619594105791c1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_201.jpg)
The speaker examines AI's mastery of language and its internal representation of world knowledge.
- Large language models like Llama-2 have acquired a sophisticated understanding of language and knowledge.
- These models not only pass the Turing test but also contain internal maps and abstract concepts representations.
![The speaker examines AI's mastery of language and its internal representation of world knowledge.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MjksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--dfd0a9c5afdcd1873f82ab4adc619594105791c1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_201.jpg)
Chapter 5
![The speaker highlights the existential risks of advanced AI and the urgent need for control mechanisms.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzEsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--4898a3c98aa85352caf8d48d97c6fa5f66d1023a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_274.jpg)
The speaker highlights the existential risks of advanced AI and the urgent need for control mechanisms.
- AI could potentially take control, as predicted by Alan Turing, posing an existential threat.
- Influential voices from the AI industry acknowledge the high risk of human extinction due to uncontrolled AI development.
- Government and industry leaders are raising alarms about the dangers of superintelligence.
![The speaker highlights the existential risks of advanced AI and the urgent need for control mechanisms.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzEsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--4898a3c98aa85352caf8d48d97c6fa5f66d1023a/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_274.jpg)
Chapter 6
![The speaker offers an optimistic viewpoint, outlining a plan for AI safety that involves provable guarantees.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzMsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--9774d8cc6785ccf71532611cafeb6ecd8dfd2db1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_451.jpg)
The speaker offers an optimistic viewpoint, outlining a plan for AI safety that involves provable guarantees.
- Current AI safety approaches are inadequate, focusing more on preventing negative output than actions.
- The speaker promotes a vision for provably safe AI through formal verification and program synthesis.
- A combination of machine learning and formal verification could lead to AI systems that are guaranteed to be safe.
![The speaker offers an optimistic viewpoint, outlining a plan for AI safety that involves provable guarantees.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzMsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--9774d8cc6785ccf71532611cafeb6ecd8dfd2db1/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_451.jpg)
Chapter 7
![The speaker details the process of creating AI systems that meet rigorous safety specifications through verification.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--4bcfe283168b66468150d1132f00b28f0ce5defa/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_582.jpg)
The speaker details the process of creating AI systems that meet rigorous safety specifications through verification.
- Formal verification can be used to prove the safety of AI systems.
- AI can revolutionize program synthesis, allowing for the creation of safe tools that adhere to strict specifications.
- Humans do not need to understand complex AI, as long as the proof-checking code is trustworthy.
![The speaker details the process of creating AI systems that meet rigorous safety specifications through verification.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzUsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--4bcfe283168b66468150d1132f00b28f0ce5defa/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_582.jpg)
Chapter 8
![The speaker illustrates the concept of provably safe AI with an example of machine learning an algorithm and verifying its safety.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--75aef4fef2da075886763631ad6584a8d5e57152/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_635.jpg)
The speaker illustrates the concept of provably safe AI with an example of machine learning an algorithm and verifying its safety.
- An algorithm for addition, learned by a neural network, is distilled into a Python program.
- This program is then formally verified using the Daphne tool to ensure it meets specifications.
- Such a process demonstrates that provably safe AI is achievable with time and effort.
![The speaker illustrates the concept of provably safe AI with an example of machine learning an algorithm and verifying its safety.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzcsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--75aef4fef2da075886763631ad6584a8d5e57152/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_635.jpg)
Chapter 9
![The speaker concludes with a call to action to pause the race to superintelligence and focus on safe AI development.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--7e019493d64bcf954b8222278c220d958403bcee/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_692.jpg)
The speaker concludes with a call to action to pause the race to superintelligence and focus on safe AI development.
- The speaker encourages a halt in the development of superintelligence until safety can be guaranteed.
- AI's potential can be harnessed without reaching superintelligence, avoiding unnecessary risks.
- The emphasis should be on understanding and controlling AI responsibly rather than pushing its limits.
![The speaker concludes with a call to action to pause the race to superintelligence and focus on safe AI development.](https://www.videogist.co/rails/active_storage/representations/redirect/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6NDg3MzksInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--7e019493d64bcf954b8222278c220d958403bcee/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6eyJmb3JtYXQiOiJqcGciLCJyZXNpemVfdG9fbGltaXQiOls3MjAsbnVsbF19LCJwdXIiOiJ2YXJpYXRpb24ifX0=--c9426325207613fdd890ee7713353fad711030c7/2978_692.jpg)
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