Establishment of a provisional executive power and a federal constitution following the fall of Iturbide.

• After Iturbide's reign, a provisional executive power was established to call a new constituent congress.
• The Constitutive Act of the Federation was approved in January 1824 and replaced by the Federal Pact that same year.
• Mexico became a representative federal republic with 19 free, independent, and sovereign states.

Features of the 1824 Constitution, including government structure and civil liberties.

• The 1824 Constitution established Catholicism as the state religion and guaranteed citizens' life, equality, property, and impartial justice.
• Provinces received autonomy as sovereign powers, and executive authority was limited through a vice-presidential figure.
• Guadalupe Victoria was elected as the first president and Nicolás Bravo as vice president, serving from April 1, 1825, to March 31, 1829.

Division of government powers among branches and the centralist versus federalist ideological divide.

• The government was divided into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, with the Supreme Court of Justice as an independent entity.
• The legislative power, split into two chambers, oversaw the actions of the president through a State Council.
• Ideological tensions arose between centralists, who preferred a strong central government, and federalists, who advocated for federalism.

Economic policies and legislative powers of the federal government versus the states.

• The federal government's income came from customs, sale of national assets, and state contributions, while states had the power to tax citizens.
• States were responsible for collecting taxes on sales and could raise their own armies, leading to a weak federal government and frequent crises.

Local governance reforms and international recognition of Mexico's independence.

• Local governments flourished, shifting authority from city councils to local populations, while international powers recognized Mexico's independence.
• The government under Guadalupe Victoria achieved political stability with a loan from England, despite the challenges posed by masonic societies.

Social unrest, the election of 1828, and the consequences of political instability.

• Guadalupe Victoria faced several uprisings, including the Fredonian Rebellion and the Plan de Montaño by Nicolás Bravo.
• The 1828 presidential elections led to social unrest and the eventual recognition of Vicente Guerrero as president.

Economic recovery in trade, agriculture, mining, and the overall demographic growth of Mexico.

• Despite political instability, the economy saw recovery, and demographic growth increased from 6.1 million in 1810 to 6.5 million in 1824.
• Improvements in public health, food imports, and communications enhanced the quality of life compared to the colonial era.

The video ends with a segment of music.

• The video concludes with a musical segment, marking the end of the historical overview.