Rheumatoid arthritis - causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, pathology
Osmosis from Elsevier
12 min, 28 sec
A comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Summary
- Defines rheumatoid arthritis as a chronic inflammatory disorder affecting joints and other organs.
- Explains the autoimmune mechanism leading to synovial membrane and articular cartilage damage.
- Describes the role of genetic factors and environmental triggers in the disease's onset.
- Details the systemic effects of the disease on various organs and the resulting symptoms.
- Outlines the diagnostic tests and treatment options, including disease-modifying antirheumatic medications and biologics.
Chapter 1
Introduction to the Osmosis platform and the basics of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Osmosis simplifies learning medicine with personalized study plans and resources.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disorder characterized by joint inflammation and can affect other organs.
Chapter 2
Anatomy of healthy joints and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Healthy joints have articular cartilage for smooth bone movement and are often synovial joints with synovial fluid.
- Rheumatoid arthritis is triggered by genetic factors and environmental factors leading to immune system confusion.
- The autoimmune response involves T-cells, B-cells, and antibodies attacking joint components.
Chapter 3
The autoimmune mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis and formation of autoantibodies.
- Antigen-presenting cells activate T-helper cells which stimulate B-cells to produce autoantibodies like RF and ACPA.
- Autoantibodies form immune complexes in the joints, activating the complement system and worsening inflammation.
Chapter 4
The process of joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis and its systemic effects.
- The proliferation of synovial cells and immune cells creates damaging pannus tissue.
- Inflammatory cytokines lead to the destruction of cartilage, erosion of bones, and increase in synovial fluid.
- Systemic effects include fever, muscle breakdown, rheumatoid nodules, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Chapter 5
Symptoms and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
- Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects small joints symmetrically and leads to specific deformities like ulnar deviation.
- Diagnosis involves blood tests for rheumatoid factor and ACPA, and imaging studies showing joint damage.
Chapter 6
Long-term management and treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis.
- Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologics are used to suppress inflammation.
- Treatment of acute flares may involve NSAIDs and short-term use of glucocorticoids.
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