Striking ILO India Employment Report 2024 on Modi decade, who’s working where & are incomes rising

ThePrint

ThePrint

26 min, 2 sec

The video provides a detailed analysis of employment trends in India post-COVID-19, focusing on underemployment, sector-wise employment shifts, wage changes, and varying state performances.

Summary

  • An ILO report indicates a rise in self-employment and a decline in regular wages since 2012.
  • A shift of labor back to agriculture post-pandemic has been observed, which is typically lower-paid.
  • Real wages in regular salaried jobs have fallen by about 10% compared to 2012, while casual labor wages have risen by 27%.
  • Labor force participation rates in India are below the global average, suggesting either a lack of opportunities or a disincentive to seek better employment.
  • Delhi ranks highest in overall employment conditions among Indian states, with Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand following.

Chapter 1

Quick Life Lessons

0:01 - 31 sec

The video starts with a series of quick life lessons, mentioning what 'legends' know and do, including mutual fund investments and their risks.

The video starts with a series of quick life lessons, mentioning what 'legends' know and do, including mutual fund investments and their risks.

  • 'Legends' know not to practice nunchucks in a crowded room or eat 'choli' before a road trip.
  • They take their shirt off before ironing and don't take calls near a swimming pool.
  • There is a distinction made between saving and investing, emphasizing that 'legends' invest in mutual funds.
  • Mutual fund investments are subject to market risks, and it is advised to read scheme-related documents carefully.

Chapter 2

International Labor Organization Report on India's Employment

0:32 - 1 min, 25 sec

Discussion on the latest ILO report on India's employment situation, highlighting data scarcity and the report's significance.

Discussion on the latest ILO report on India's employment situation, highlighting data scarcity and the report's significance.

  • The ILO report on India's employment is considered significant, given the scarcity of reliable data.
  • The report is a collaboration between the ILO and the Institute of Human Development.
  • The report's data is seen as valuable in understanding India's economy and demographics.
  • Government of India's control over data sources has made it difficult to find reliable data.

Chapter 3

Economic Advisor's Views on Employment

1:57 - 2 min, 14 sec

The Chief Economic Advisor's views on the government's limitations in job creation and the impact of welfare policies on work incentives.

The Chief Economic Advisor's views on the government's limitations in job creation and the impact of welfare policies on work incentives.

  • The advisor acknowledges the government's limitations in creating jobs.
  • He references Cho S. Ramaswamy's play on Muhammad bin Tughlaq to illustrate the state's limitations.
  • The advisor questions whether welfare policies worldwide are reducing the incentive to work.
  • He cites 'the law of unintended consequences,' suggesting that welfare may disincentivize people from seeking employment.

Chapter 4

India's Employment Scenario Visualized

4:11 - 3 min, 47 sec

Visual representation of India's employment scenario, including the rise in self-employment and changes in sector-wise employment post-pandemic.

Visual representation of India's employment scenario, including the rise in self-employment and changes in sector-wise employment post-pandemic.

  • Graphic visualizations are used to convey data on self-employment and sector-wise employment changes in India.
  • The share of self-employed persons has increased post-COVID-19.
  • Regular employment percentages have decreased post-pandemic, while agricultural employment has risen.
  • Underemployment is highlighted as a significant issue in India.

Chapter 5

Sector-wise Analysis of Indian Employment

7:58 - 4 min, 51 sec

An analysis of the primary (agriculture), secondary (industrial), and tertiary (services) sectors' contribution to employment and GDP.

An analysis of the primary (agriculture), secondary (industrial), and tertiary (services) sectors' contribution to employment and GDP.

  • The primary sector's share in GDP has declined over the years, with the number of people employed in agriculture also decreasing.
  • Secondary and tertiary sectors have seen growth in their GDP contributions, with the tertiary sector leading.
  • Despite overall economic growth, primary sector employment has increased post-pandemic, suggesting a shift from other sectors to agriculture.
  • The report highlights the need to transfer labor from agriculture to better-paying sectors for wage improvements.

Chapter 6

Labor Force Participation Rates and Underemployment

12:48 - 4 min, 23 sec

Examination of India's labor force participation rates and underemployment, indicating a prevalence of underemployed individuals.

Examination of India's labor force participation rates and underemployment, indicating a prevalence of underemployed individuals.

  • Labor force participation rates in India are below the global average.
  • Youth labor force participation is particularly low, remaining below 50%.
  • Underemployment is defined by those willing or available to work more hours than they currently do.
  • The ILO report warns against using unemployment rates as the sole metric for employment health in India.

Chapter 7

State-wise Employment Conditions in India

17:11 - 5 min, 38 sec

A look at the state-wise employment conditions across India, revealing variations in performances with Delhi and Himachal Pradesh leading.

A look at the state-wise employment conditions across India, revealing variations in performances with Delhi and Himachal Pradesh leading.

  • Color-coded graphics show state-wise employment conditions, with green indicating better employment climates.
  • Delhi ranks the highest, followed by Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, with a focus on improving women's employment.
  • States with lower rankings include Odisha, Bihar, and Kerala among others.

Chapter 8

Wage Changes and Data Sources

22:49 - 3 min, 11 sec

Discussion on changes in wages across different employment categories and the government data sources used for the ILO report.

Discussion on changes in wages across different employment categories and the government data sources used for the ILO report.

  • Real wages for salaried individuals have fallen by about 10% since 2012, while casual labor wages have increased by 27%.
  • The ILO report uses government data, including National Sample Survey rounds and Periodic Labor Force Surveys for its analysis.
  • The video questions the factors contributing to decreased wages and the impact of welfare programs on employment.