The Spread of COMMUNISM after 1900 [AP World History] Unit 8 Topic 4 (8.4)
Heimler's History
5 min, 31 sec
The video covers the spread of communism in the 20th century, focusing on China, and examines land reform movements globally, particularly in Iran, Vietnam, India, and Ethiopia.
Summary
- Communism's ascendency in China began with the Chinese Civil War leading to Mao Zedong's victory and establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
- Mao's Great Leap Forward policy led to collectivization of land, reeducation camps, and resulted in a catastrophic famine causing around 20 million deaths.
- Land reforms in Iran, known as the White Revolution, were carried out under the leadership of Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, aiming to redistribute land to peasants.
- Vietnam, India, and Ethiopia also underwent significant land reforms, often leading to mixed outcomes, with some successes and many resulting in famine and economic struggles.
- The video concludes with a sentimental message highlighting the failure of communism and encouragement for personal success.
Chapter 1
The introduction sets the stage for a discussion on the Cold War and the spread of communism versus capitalism.
- The focus is on non-military battles of the Cold War, specifically the ideological spread of capitalism and communism.
- The video promises to reveal how communism was gaining ground during this period.
Chapter 2
The chapter details the history of communism in China, from the Chinese Civil War to Mao Zedong's leadership.
- Chinese communists, led by Mao Zedong, triumphed over the nationalists in 1949, creating the People's Republic of China.
- Mao's policies included nationalizing industry, redistributing land, and the Great Leap Forward, which resulted in mass famine.
- Dissenters faced reeducation camps or execution if reeducation failed.
Chapter 3
An overview of Iran's political upheaval and the implementation of land reforms known as the White Revolution.
- Iran's twentieth-century history saw a pro-Hitler shah replaced by an authoritarian yet progressive leader, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi.
- Pahlavi's White Revolution involved the forced purchase and redistribution of land to peasants.
Chapter 4
This chapter discusses land reform in Vietnam, India, and Ethiopia, highlighting both successes and failures.
- Vietnam's communist leaders redistributed land post-independence from France and Japan.
- In India, land reform achieved notable success in Kerala, granting tenants the right to purchase and own land.
- Ethiopia's socialist government focused on land redistribution which, like many others, led to famine and economic issues.
Chapter 5
The video concludes with a personal, motivational message and a reminder of the historical failure of communism.
- The speaker shares seven important affirmations aimed at empowering viewers.
- Communism's consistent failure is underscored, paired with a message of personal capability and resilience.
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