Recent research challenges the belief that milk is anti-inflammatory and protective against osteoporotic fractures.

• Milk is not shown to protect against osteoporotic fractures such as hip and wrist fractures, which are common in older adults.
• Previously, milk was recommended to prevent bone fragility, but current evidence does not support this claim.

Milk drinkers do not have a lower risk of hip fractures compared to non-milk drinkers.

• The Dutch and Scandinavians, who are the biggest milk consumers, actually have the highest fracture rates.
• Alternatives to milk for calcium intake include green leafy vegetables, nuts, and almonds.

Dairy consumption is associated with several health benefits, but the impact varies by dairy type.

• Studies in care homes show that adding dairy to diets can reduce unfavorable health outcomes, including fractures.
• Higher dairy intake is linked to lower rates of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers.
• Fermented dairy products like cheese and yogurt show stronger health benefits compared to milk.

Fermented dairy products may offer additional health advantages over non-fermented dairy.

• Fermented dairies contain probiotics that are beneficial for the immune system and gut health.
• Evidence suggests cheese and yogurt have a favorable impact on health, potentially due to the fermentation process.

The discussion addresses the health implications of choosing full-fat versus low-fat dairy products.

• Government advice often recommends low-fat dairy options, but the evidence to support this over full-fat dairy is not strong.
• Personal views on dairy fat content vary, and the current state of evidence is considered.