Understanding Stresses in Beams
The Efficient Engineer
14 min, 48 sec
This detailed overview explains how beams deform under load, the internal stresses involved, and how to calculate bending and shear stresses.
Summary
- A load applied to a beam causes it to deform by bending, generating shear forces and bending moments.
- Bending stresses act perpendicular to the cross-section, while shear forces act parallel to it.
- The neutral axis is where fibers within the beam neither compress nor elongate.
- Bending stress varies with the bending moment and distance from the neutral axis and is counteracted by the area moment of inertia.
- Shear stresses are parabolic across the beam's height and are maximum at the neutral axis.
Chapter 1
Explains the concept of beam deformation due to applied loads and introduces the types of internal stresses.
- Applying a load to a beam causes it to bend and creates internal shear forces and bending moments.
- Shear forces result from vertical shear stresses, and bending moments result from normal bending stresses.
Chapter 2
Discusses bending stresses in beams, focusing on pure bending and the concept of the neutral axis.
- Pure bending occurs when shear force is zero and bending moment is constant.
- Top fibers compress and bottom fibers elongate, with the neutral axis being the surface where fibers do not change length.
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Explains the flexure formula and how it relates to the beam's resistance to bending.
- Flexure formula relates bending stress to bending moment, distance from neutral axis, and the area moment of inertia.
- Maximum bending stress occurs at the fibers furthest from the neutral axis.
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Describes how to calculate shear stresses and their distribution across the beam's cross-section.
- Shear stress varies across the beam's height and is maximum at the neutral axis.
- For rectangular and circular cross-sections, shear stress can be estimated at the neutral axis.
Chapter 7
Examines the distribution of shear stresses in various cross-sectional shapes of beams.
- Shear stress distribution differs across cross-sections, with assumptions necessary for calculations.
- For rectangular, circular, and thin-walled sections, the equation for shear stress provides various degrees of accuracy.
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