Stephen Hawking's 1971 paper suggested the Sun could harbor an unnoticed black hole, sparking scientific curiosity.

• Hawking pointed out the possibility of a black hole with a mass of up to 10^14 kg inside the Sun.
• He introduced the concept of primordial black holes, which could have been created in the early universe.
• Primordial black holes might account for dark matter if they exist in sufficient numbers.

The solar neutrino problem raised questions about the Sun's energy production, with black holes as a potential solution.

• A discrepancy in detected solar neutrinos led to the solar neutrino problem.
• Hawking's black hole theory offered an alternative energy source for the Sun.
• The solar neutrino problem was later resolved, showing neutrinos oscillate among types and the Sun's energy is from fusion.

Primordial black holes could affect star behavior, potentially revealing their existence and illuminating dark matter.

• Primordial black holes could end up inside stars and remain undetected.
• They offer an explanation for dark matter, with certain mass ranges still plausible.
• Gravitational wave observations suggest primordial black holes might exist.

Recent simulations explore the life cycle of Hawking stars, stars with captured primordial black holes.

• New simulations model stars formed around primordial black holes, coined Hawking stars.
• Hawking stars exhibit unique life phases and eventually get consumed by the black hole.
• These stars could potentially be recognized by their abnormal behavior compared to typical stars.

Hawking stars with internal black holes demonstrate distinct evolutionary patterns and life spans.

• Hawking stars start like normal stars but evolve differently due to the black hole's energy output.
• The black hole grows slowly, affecting the star's energy balance and causing it to bloat prematurely.
• These stars eventually run entirely on black hole power, with unique sizes and lifespans.

The search for Hawking stars involves analyzing their vibrations and could impact our understanding of dark matter.

• Asteroseismology methods could detect Hawking stars by their distinct vibration patterns.
• No current evidence of unexpected convection in the Sun's core, but other stars may exhibit signs.
• Discovery or absence of Hawking stars would influence the theory of primordial black holes as dark matter.

The future holds potential for detecting Hawking stars and answering questions about primordial black holes and dark matter.

• The likelihood of the Sun harboring a black hole is very small, but other stars may provide evidence.
• The Gaia satellite's data might reveal Hawking star candidates.
• Further research could confirm or rule out primordial black holes as dark matter sources.