Why didn't the USSR stop Lithuania from leaving? (Short Animated Documentary)
History Matters
3 min, 10 sec
A detailed exploration of how Lithuania achieved independence from the USSR, overcoming various challenges and international dynamics.
Summary
- Lithuania declared independence from the USSR in March 1990, sparking a 2-year process that saw the end of the Soviet Union.
- Despite the USSR's capacity for force, Moscow's minimal intervention was due to its own economic stagnation and decline in political influence.
- The Lithuanian people elected a non-communist government which passed the act of restoration of state, prompting USSR to impose sanctions.
- Gorbachev sent troops to Lithuania under the pretext of protecting Russian speakers, leading to international tension and calls for independence.
- Iceland and Denmark recognized Lithuania's sovereignty, and amidst the USSR's internal struggles, Moscow recognized Lithuania's independence in early September 1991.
Chapter 1
Lithuania was the first country to declare independence from the USSR in March 1990, initiating its separation.
- The declaration began a 2-year process that ended with the Soviet Union's dissolution.
- Factors such as a stagnant economy and loss of trust in the government fueled the drive for independence.
- The Lithuanian people's election of non-communist leaders in February 1990 was a clear message of their desire for sovereignty.
Chapter 2
Initial Soviet response to Lithuania's independence included demands for revocation and economic sanctions.
- Moscow waited a month before reacting to Lithuania's declaration, first demanding a retraction and apology.
- After Lithuania's refusal, Gorbachev sanctioned Lithuania, blocking imports and damaging its economy.
- Vilnius government eventually put independence on hold for lifted sanctions.
Chapter 3
The USSR escalated its intervention by sending troops into Lithuania, causing international concern and diplomatic maneuvers.
- Gorbachev sent troops to protect Russian speakers, seizing buildings and shooting protestors, but Lithuania stood firm on independence.
- Western nations were torn between supporting Lithuania and maintaining positive relations with the USSR.
- Iceland and Denmark recognized Lithuania's sovereignty, increasing hopes for further international recognition.
Chapter 4
Amidst internal Soviet issues and a failed coup, Moscow recognized Lithuania's independence, followed by the global community.
- The USSR faced difficulties in maintaining national cohesion and could not afford to further occupy Lithuania.
- Gorbachev's authority was challenged, and he could not reassert control over Lithuania.
- In early September 1991, the Soviet government recognized Lithuania's independence, with the rest of the world soon following suit.
Chapter 5
The video creator expresses gratitude to patrons for their support in the episode's creation.
- Special thanks are given to patrons named James Bizet, Kelly Money Maker, Sky Chappelle, and many others for their contributions.
- The creator acknowledges the importance of patron support in producing content.
- The episode concludes with a list of patrons who have supported the creator.